It’s biology, not mathematics, so there’s a grey zone where not even two experts can agree that disease, and sometimes even whether the tumour is malignant or benign, for example. Jan is researching the role of human papillomavirus in the development of malignant tumour Papillomaviruses are most often transmitted through sexual intercourse and play a role in the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis and anal regions, but also certain carcinomas of the head research deals in particular with the role of these viruses in the development of malignan tonsils, the root of the tongue, the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses. In the field of gynecological pathology, he is involved in interdisciplinary cooperation b description of interesting rare tumours and their close molecular and genetic characterist noting changes in the methylation of genes in malignant ovarian tumours. The third area of his research is in the so-called IgG4 disease, which is currently a high topic in medicine across many disciplines. The disease is related to elevated levels of G4 antibodies. At the center of interest for Professor Laco and his team are the manifestatio in the pancreas, salivary glands, aorta and retroperitoneum (the space between the abdomin the spine, i.e. around the kidneys). “Recognition of this disease is important because if correctly and in time, it can be treated relatively well. Therapy is based on corticostero patients respond very well to treatment. It’s important for pathologists to know how the d the microscope, and to share the correct diagnosis with the clinician,” the team’s boss sa Pathologists previously concentrated on malignant tumours only on the diagnostics of their cells. With the development of immunotherapy, however, they are becoming more aware of inf the tumour as an immune system reaction, whose role is crucial in the fight against malign “When we see a malignant tumour, it means that the immune system has failed.”It’s biology, not mathematics, so there’s a grey zone two experts can agree if it’s this or that disease, and sometimes even whether the tumour benign, for example.
One should always remember that they’re not infallible make mistakes, that they should always approach diagnosis with humility and know their lim blockquote> Most diseases have a well-defined picture, but as Jan says: “It’s biology, not mathematics grey zone where not even two experts can agree if it’s this or that disease, and sometimes the tumour is malignant or benign.” In most cases, there are clues how to correctly diagno disease, but in certain areas, unfortunately, the grey zones include both extremes which a different for the prognosis and treatment of the patient. “If I’m not able to clearly sort some drawer, I propose a differential diagnostic balance, which is a fair approach, I thin even clinicians know that pathology isn’t a 100% science - of course like everything in me In this field, the influence of the human factor is significant because the interpretation image subjective to a certain extent. “One should always remember that they’re not infalli they can make mistakes, that they should always approach diagnosis with humility and know Jan Laco says. This is why pathologists at the Fingerland Department and elsewhere, in the uncertainty, consult among themselves about specimens. Often, in an effort to come to the diagnosis, they use auxiliary biological methods such as immunohistochemistry. But some cases are so complex that there is currently no reliable methodology for unambigu the disease. The greatest nightmare for every doctor is that they have made a misdiagnosis. In patholog a mistake which is not essential for the patient and which they may never find out about. two benign tumours are exchanged. “But there are the mistakes that take you back, and you always have a lot to improve upon.” A typical problematic area is the diagnosis of skin le created by pigment cells (melanocytes), when you consider whether it’s just a non-serious layman’s terms, a mole), or an aggressive malignant melanoma. Unfortunately, in some cases a pigment neva and malignant melanoma can be quite similar,” that a pathologist incorrectly diagnoses the given lesion as a mole, and the patient comes with a metastaticized malignant melanoma. A branch of pathology which is currently being intensively developed is telepathology. Thanks to advanced computer technology, it is possible to scan microscopic images and with special software you can then view them. Technology can also be used for the creation of e microscopic atlases for students and pathologists, or for consultation on difficult cases on the other side of the world without having to send the microscopic slides by post. The idea that computers themselves would carry out microscopic diagnostics as part of rout nevertheless something out in the distant future. The reason, according to Professor Laco, specimens of the same disease always look slightly different each time. “In addition, various artifacts could occur in the tissue - variable intensity of colourin unfinished cut. Educating computers at the existing level in such a way so that they do no diagnoses would take too long, I believe. But it’s possible that in this regard not all of would completely agree with me, especially those with a warmer relationship to computer te course I hope that it’ll be me looking into the microscope and not some robot,” he finishe “It’s biology, not mathematics, so there’s a grey zone where not even two experts can agre that disease, and sometimes even whether the tumour is malignant or benign, for example. Prof. MUDr. Jan Laco, Ph.D. [ URL "https://is.cuni.cz/webapps/whois2/osoba/167882987502785 of Medicine in Hradec Králové, and during his studies served at the Fingerland department worker. He was named a professor at age 38. He specialises in head and neck pathology, including d the salivary glands, in gynecological and molecular pathology and IgG4 disease. He has received a number of awards for his research, including the Hlavova and Lamblova Pr Fingerland Prize. #pathology [ URL "http://"] charlesuniversity [ URL "http://"] By: Petra Köppl Photo by: René Volfík March 7, 2019